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Figure 13    Net cashflow of enterprises in different cycles, including the “valley of death”






               Net                                                   Valley of Death
             cash ow
                      Research      Developmental               Angel                          Venture
                       funding         funding                  fund                           capital


                                                                                                                    Going public


                                                                                                           Fourth
                                                                                                           stage
                                                                                                    Third
                                                                                                    stage
                                                                                            Second
                                                                                            stage
                                                                                    First stage
                                                                                                                          Cycle









                      Fundamental       Applied     Proof of   Working      Seed         Early           Late
                       research         research    concept    prototype   funding       stage          stage








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